Cooling system for engine cylinders



Feb. 16, 1932.

c. A. oss

COOLING SYSTEM FOR ENGINE CYLINDERS Filed Jan. 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet v v ZNVENTOR fadgfw.

ATTORNEY.

COOLING SYSTEM FOR ENGINE CYLINDERS Filed Jan. 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 \muwmun ATTORNEY.

Feb. 16, 1932. c A. Ross 000mm SYSTEM FOR ENGINE CYLINDERS 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 2, 1929 ATTORNEY.

.Feb. 16, 1932. c. A. Ross COOLING SYSTEM FOR ENGINE CYLINDERS 4 Sheets-Sheet ,4

Filed Jan. 2, 1929 N VEN TOR.

A TTORNE Y.

Patented Feb. 16, 1932 UNITED STATES 7 an A- BOSS, or LB MICHIGAN COO ING SYST M 0 ENfiiN CYLINDERS Application filed January 2, 1,929. Serial No. 329,714.

The invention relatesrtocoolingsystems for 611 1116 cylinders, particularly to cylinders of large dimensiom'such as'are used in large ma-ri-neengines-of the Diesel type, and has for 5 its obj ect to provideasystem ofthischaracter having means adapted to control the water in the water acket thereof, wherebystreams of water of predetermined volume' are directed and circulated inpredetermined manner and proportion to and about the portions of the cylinder and its head requiring cooling.

A further object is to provide a system of this character wherein the cooling fluid is divided into a plurality of streams about the cylinder and in the head, each stream being directed in a predetermined manner to a predetermined Zone of the cylinder and head.

i A further object is to provide a system of this character wherein the water jacket is so constructedthat no hot pockets can be formed therein.

A further object is to provide a system of this character wherein the cooling fluid is distributed and proportioned in predetermined 43 manner according to the cooling requirements off t-he various component parts of the cylinder and its head.

A further object is to provide a system of this character comprising a plurality of individual water jackets having a common out let.

YVith the above and other objects in view, the invention resid-esjin the combination and arrangement of parts as hereinafter set forth, 35 shown in the drawings,described-and claimed,

it being understood that changes inthe precise embodiment of the invention may be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention. I

In the drawings: a

Figure 1 is a top plan view of the cylinder jacket and cylinder head;

Figure 2 is a-vertical sectional view taken on line;2-2 of'Figure 1, showingonly a part of the cylinder and its jacket.

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional -viewot the cylinder head taken on line3-3 of Figure 2. I

Figure l'is a horizontal sectional view of the cylinder head taken on line l-i 0:f fFigure 2.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary vertical sectional ,view taken on line 5-5 of Figure 1. Figure .6-is a horizontal sectional view of a modified construction of the cylinder vhead taken on line .6-6 of Figure 7. s V :Figurel' is a verticaljsectional view of a modified construction of the cylinder head taken on line 77 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view of another modifiedvconstruction of the cylinder head taken on line 8-8 of Figure'9.

.;Figure 9 is a vertical sectional view taken on;line'9-9 ofFigure 8. I j t Figure 10 is a fragmentary vertical sectionalviewtaken on line 101O of Figure l. 1 :Iieierring to the drawings, the nuinera-l l designates a relatively thin cylinder or explosionlchamber of an engine preferably of the Diesel type, which cylinder is supported'by the cylinder jacket 2. The cylinder acket 2 is preferably of heavy construction and has a plurality of parallel helical grooves 3, 4 and 5 formed in the inner periphery thereof to form independent channels through which water is adapted to flow anddischarge into thecylinder head. Thehelicalribs 6 forming saidchannels are adapted-to support the relatively thin cylinder 1 against lateral stresses. This construction of the cylinder and its jacket is shown in applicants Patent #1,279,- 008, and-is the preferred construction with which the instant improvement is to be used, although variousother types of water jacketed cylinders may be used in place thereof.

Mounted on the cylinder and its jacket is the cylinder head 7 having bolt holes-8 formed therein adapted to registerwit-h tappedholes 9 in the vcylinder jacket adapted to receive bolts which secure-the cylinder head to the jacket. The cylinder head is preferably formed with a downwardly projecting porjtion l0 adapted to fit into the cylinder jacket and cylinder to insure proper registration of the cylinder head withthe cylinder and to aid in establishing a seal between the cylinder head and the jacket. 7 The cylinder head 7, as shown, is for an engine of the Diesel type, although it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited to use with Diesel engine but may be used with other types of engines. The head asfshown in Figures 1 to 1, has an air intake chamber 11, and an exhaust outlet 12, ft-he oil injector and compressed air inlet usujally employed with such types of engines not being shown. At the bottom ofthe cylinder head and in communication with the intake chamber 11 and the out-let chamber 12 are formed the valve seats 13 on which the control valves 14 are adapted to seat. The valve stems 15 of the valves extend upwardly through the guide openings 16 in the cylinder head. The valves 14 act to control the air intake and the exhaust to and from the cylinder through the cylinder head in the manner well understood in the art.

' Vertical partitions 24 are formed in the cylinder head and extend from the bottom thereof to the under side of the chambers 11 and 12 or to the horizontal partitions 25, Figure 2, which are formed intermediate the top and bottom of the cylinder head at different levels and divide the space within the cylinder head and surrounding the intake and exhaust chambers 11 and 12 into independent water chambers below said horizontal partitions 25. Four distinct water chambers 17, 18, 19 and are thus formed in the head, three beneath and one above the horizontal partitions 25, the lower chambers 17, 18 and 19 communicating with the parallel helical water channels 3, 1 and 5. Located in the horizontal partitions and preferably adjacent the intake chamber 11 and the exhaust chamber 12, are ports 26, which form means of co1nmu nication between each of the lower water chambers 17, 18 and 19 and the upper water chamber 20 which extends entirely across the head. An outer water chamber 28 is formed about the outer end of the exhaust chamber 1.2 and is separated from the water chamber 18 by means of the vertical partition which extends from the bottom of the cylinder head to the under side of the exhaust chamber 12 There is no separating member between the outer chamber 28 and the upper chamber 20, so that water may freely pass from the chamber 20 into the chamber 28. A'port 29 is formed in the partition 35, by means of which part of the cooling fluid entering the cylinder head through the port 22 passes to the water chamber 28 and circulates about the outer portion of the exhaust chamber 12. An outlet 27 from the water chamber 28 is formed in the cylinder head and is the sole discharge outlet for the cooling fluid passing through the cylinder jacket and cylinder head. It will thus be seen that each of the lower water chambers 17, 18 and 19 is in communication with one of the helical water channels in the cylinder jacket and with the upper water chamber 20, which is coextensive with the area of the head, but that none of the chambers 17', 18 and 19 communicate with each other.

The cylinder and head are thus cooled by three distinct streams of water passing through the helical water channels 3, 4 and 5 of the cylinder jacket 2, through the ports 21, 22 and 23 into the lower water chambers 17, 18 and 19, and upwardly through the por s 26 into the upper water chamber 20, wherein the three streams merge and pass into-the chamber 28 and thence out of the cylinder headthrough the outlet port 27. It will be noted that the horizontal partitions 25 in the cylinder head are disposed at various levels therein, this being done to aid in obtaining and directing a good circulation of the waterto and about the portions of the head, such as the valve seats and the vertical portions of the exhaust and intake chambers which are subjected to the greatest heat, and which consequently require greater cooling facilities than the remaining portions of the head. To further insure the cooling of the portions subjected to the greatest heat the ports 26 in the horizontal partitions are located adjacent said portions, thereby causing all of the cooling water passing through the coolin system to positively circulate thercabout to cool the same. It will be seen also that by regulating the size and location of the ports 26, it ispossible to control in a predetermined manner the flow of water through each of the water chambers, as shown in the dotted arrows in Figure 3, and to direct and distribute the flow to different parts or zones of the head within or adjacent each water chamber in .a manner to provide cooling action proportionate to the requirements of these different parts or zones. The horizontal partitions 25 and the vertical partitions 24 with the outlet ports 26 are located with. the idea of avoiding the' possibility of pockets or dome portions being formed in the head to retain inert water, and therefore no excessively heated water or steam produced thereby can accumulate at any point within the cylinder head, and damage to the head and its parts which may result from overheating is thus obviated.

. In the modified form of construction shown in Figures 6 and '7 the same general objects and results are obtainable, and the cylinder head 7 is of the same general construction as that ot the preferred construction, having the air intake chamber 1.1 and the exhaust outlet chamber 12 formed therein, and having the ports 21, 22 and 23 formed in the bottom thereof registering with the upper ends ofthe helical water channels 3, 1 and 5 of the cylinder jacket 2. Only one vertical partition 35 and one horizontal partition 30 extending entirely'across the cylinder head at a point substantially midway between the top and bottom thereof are formed in the cylinder head, said horizontal. partition 30 dividing the cylinder head into an upper chamber or jacket 31and a lower chamber or acket $32, and said partition 85 separating thechambcr 32 from the chamber .28. Ports 33 are formed in the horizontal partition 30 at predetermined points adjacent the port-ions or parts within the head subjected to the. greatest heat. The port 25) in the partition 85,'and the outlet 27 are provided at approximately the vsame points as in the preferred construction. The principle on which this construction operates is that the water must'pass through the ports 33 in passing through the cylinder head,- and since these ports are located adjacent the port-ionsor parts within the head requiringgreater cooling facilities than others, the water in passing therethrough will be directed .t'or positive-contact with such portions or parts. As will be seen, the size of the ports 33 may be Varied as desired, and by so doing the amount of water passing certain points may be regulated, so that it there. are certain portions requiring the 'passage'of more water thereabout than others a relatively large port may be provided, and a relatively large stream of water will be directed thereto; Thus the necessity of a multiplicity of water chambers is eliminated, while at thesame time substantially the same results are obtained asin the preferred construction, which may be desirable with cylinders of smaller dimension. It will be noted that in this construction there is agreater possibility of the development of hot pockets, but this can be avoided by providing escape ports 33 at danger points in the same manner as described iii-connection with the preferred construction.

In the modified form of construction shown in Figures'8 and 9 the same general results are obtainable as in the otherconstructions, but the cylinder head as therein constructed is limited to use with a cylinder jacket 2 having a cylinder water jacket extending uninterruptedly around the outer periphery of the cylinder. The cylinder head 7 in this form of construction is divided'by vertical partitions .24 and 57', and horizontal partitions 56, thus forming five chambers 51, 52, 54 and 55, similar to the chambers shown in the preferred construction. the lower chambers 51, 52 and 53 being formed within the cylinder head proper and beneath the horizontal partitions 56 disposed at difi'erent levels therein, and above which is formed the upper chamber 54 which is coextensive with the area of the cylinderhead, chamber 55 is formed about the outer end of the exhaust outlet'chamber 12, and is -separated from the chamber 52 by the partition 57 in which is formedthe' port 58, which provides means of communication between the lower chamber 52 andchamber 55, from which lower chamber 52 communication is established'through ports 59 with th'e'upper chamb J54. which-latter is also in' communica- The outer tion with the chamber 55. The cylinder head outlet port, not shown, is in the same position as shown in Figure 1, communicating directly with the chamber 55. Ports 59, 59, and 59 formed in the horizontal partitions 56 form means of communication, respectively, between the lower chambers 51, 52 and 53 and the, upper chamber 54, but there are no means of communication between the lower chambers. The lower chambers '51, 52 and 53 are each provided with intake ports 60, 61 and 62, respectively, which register with and are in communication with the water acket 5 0 of the cylinder.

. T e principle of operation of the above described modified construction is the same'as in the preferred construction, eXceptthat the size of the intake port-s60, 61 and 62 is varied in. accordance with the size of the chamber which each serves, and in accordance with the cooling requirements of the portions of the head within or adjacent each chamber. Thus the port is made relatively small because the chamber 51 which it serves is small, and because it serves to cool the air intake chamber 11 which does not become excessively two ports because it serves a chamber adapted to cool a large portion of the valve seats which are subjected to great heat, as well as a part of the exhaust chamber.

There are also other obvious modifications in the construction which may be made as desired or required, and which employ'th'e same principles of construction and opera tion. Thus it is obvious that the cylinder head may-be used with anv water jacketed cylinder, and is not limited in'its application to use with a helical water jacket as described, the operation being the same in connection with any type of cylinder water jacket with which all of the ports 21, 22 and 23 are in communication. It is also obvious that the waterchambers of the cylinder head may be in direct communication with a source of supply of the cooling fluid, instead of receiving the cooling fluid from the cylinder jacket where it has been previously used, which previous use may have heated it to a degree rendering it unfit for cooling purposes. c

It will thus be seen that a cooling system for engine cylinders of large size is provided in'which streams of water are directed about the cylinder and to various parts withinthe cylinder head in a predetermined J manner and in relatively definite proportions as requirements may dictate.

The invention having been set forth, what is claimed as new and useful is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the

communicating with one of said intake ports and an outlet chamber communicating with said outlet port, each of said water intake chambers communicating with said water outlet chamber through a plurality of ports of different sizes formed in said partitions.

13. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder head, partitions disposed in said cylinder head to form a plurality of water intake chambers each communicating with a water intake port in said head and a water outlet chamber communicating with a water outlet port in said head, and means whereby water entering each water intake chamber will be divided and directed to different parts of the chamber and thence into the water outlet chamber.

14. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder head, partitions disposed in said cylinder head to form a plurality of water intake chambers each communicating with a water intake port formed in said head, and a water outlet chamber communicating with a water outlet port in said head, and means whereby water entering each intake chamber will be divided into currents of different sizes and directed to different parts of the chamber and thence into the water outlet chamber.

15. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder head, and partitions disposed in said head to form a plurality of individual water chambers each having an intake and an outlet, the intake and outlet of each chamber being located to provide a predetermined directed flow of water through said chamber.

16. In an internal combustion engine, 7 a cylinder head having parts thereof subjected to great heat, said head having a Water intake and outlet, and a partiti n disposed in said head between said water intake and outlet, said partition having a plurality of ports formed therein adjacent the heated parts of said head whereby currents of water passing through said head will contact said heated parts.

17. In a cylinder head, a casing having a plurality of inlet ports and an outlet port, a horizontal partition formed in said head intermediatethe top and bottom thereof and having a plurality of ports formed therein, and a plurality of vertical partitions formed in said head extending from the bottom thereof to said horizontal partition, said vertical and horizontal partitions forming a plurality of chambers in said head each having an intake and an outlet.

18. In an internal combustion engine, a jacketed cylinder having a plurality of inclependent water passages thereabout, a jacketed cylinder head having an outlet port and a plurality of inlet ports each in communica-' tion with one of said water passages, and partitlons disposed in said head to form a plurality of water chambers each having an inlet port opening therein, said partitions having openings of diiferent sizes therein through which water passes in directed currents of different sizes from said inlet ports to said outlet port.

19. In a cylinder head, a casing having a water intake port formed in the lower part thereof and a Water outlet port formed in the upper part thereof, a fuel chamber disposed in said casing, an exhaust outlet chamber formed in said casing, and a horizontal partition dividing said casing, said partition having ports formed therein adjacent said fuel and exhaust chambers through which water passes in flowing from the water intake to the water outlet port whereby currents of water are directed against said fuel and exhaust chambers.

20. In an internal combustion engine, a water cooled cylinder head whose component parts are subjected to varying degrees of heat, and partitions forming a plurality of water chambers in said head each having an intake and an outlet located to direct the flow of water past the adjacent heated parts of said 1 head, said intakes and outlets varying in size to accommodate the flow of diiferent amounts said head.

21. In an internal combustion engine, a,,

of water past the different heated parts of water intake and outlet, and a partition dis- I posed in said head between said water intake and outlet, said partition havlng a plurality of ports of different sizes formed therein adj acent the heated parts of the head whereby currents of, water of different sizes passing through said head will contact said heated parts.

22. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder head having parts thereof subjected to varying degrees of heat, said head having a water intake and outlet, and a partition disposed in said head between said water intake and outlet, saidpartition having a plurality of ports of different sizes formed therein adjacent the heated parts of the head, said last named ports being of varying size and arrangement to direct cooling water to and about the heated parts of the head in currents whose cooling properties are directly proportional to the amount of heat to which said parts are subjected. I

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

CARL A. ROSS. 

